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MC III Algebra help

 
 
SongKevin的头像
MC III Algebra help
SongKevin - 2022年08月2日 Tuesday 14:11
 

4.20:

I tried using geometry and graphing but that didn't work. I also couldn't figure out how to assign variables for Cauchy-Schwarz.


4.25:

I couldn't figure out what to add/subtract to turn it into Cauchy-Schwarz.

 
WangDr. Kevin的头像
Re: MC III Algebra help
WangDr. Kevin - 2022年08月2日 Tuesday 15:09
 

4.20: Try trig substitution: $x=r\cos\theta, y=r\sin\theta$.

4.25: Try the following:

\[ \frac{a}{b+3c}+\frac{b}{8c+4a}+\frac{9c}{3a+2b} = \frac{8a}{8b+24c}+\frac{3b}{24c+12a}+\frac{36c}{12a+8b} . \]

ZuoMichael的头像
Re: MC III Algebra help
ZuoMichael - 2022年08月2日 Tuesday 21:21
 

I still can't figure out how to use any of the inequalities to make progress on 4.25 and 4.17.

WangDr. Kevin的头像
Re: MC III Algebra help
WangDr. Kevin - 2022年08月3日 Wednesday 00:14
 

For 4.17, follow the example of 4.8; instead of adding 1 to each fraction, you can add 1 to the first fraction, add 4 to the second fraction, and add 5 to the third one, and get a factor of $(a+b+c)$.

For 4.25, after the transformation given above, use change of variables:

\[ x = 12a, y=8b, z=24c, \] then the expression becomes \[ \frac{\dfrac{2}{3}x}{y+z} + \frac{\dfrac{3}{8}y}{z+x} + \frac{\dfrac{3}{2}z}{x+y}, \] and follow the same technique as 4.17 and 4.8.

These are usually Math Olympiad level questions.  However, in recent years  more and more questions using these inequalities are getting into the AIME level contests. You don't have to get all of them at once, but it is good to know about these techniques, and try to use them.