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math challenge II-A combinatorics 7.21

 
 
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math challenge II-A combinatorics 7.21
by Zeyin Wu - Friday, October 1, 2021, 1:16 AM
 

I don't understand what the problem is asking. What does a0=1,an+1=k=0naka0=1,an+1=∑k=0nak. mean?na

 
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Re: math challenge II-A combinatorics 7.21
by John Lensmire - Friday, October 1, 2021, 12:01 PM
 

I think for both this question and 7.30 it's good to review "summation notation" which is also called "signma notation" for the Greek letter sigma: $\Sigma$.

For a sequence $a_j$, the notation just means to add up terms of the sequence, starting with the term on the bottom and ending with the term on the top: $$\sum_{j=1}^N a_j = a_1 + a_2 + a_3 + \cdots + a_N.$$Thus it is a more formal way of writing things without using the ... notation. As another quick example, $$\sum_{j=1}^8 j^2 = 1^2 + 2^2 + \cdots + 8^2 = 204.$$

In 7.21 we are defining a recursive sequence using this notation, for example, $a_2 = a_0 + a_1$.

In 7.30 we want to show that the sum of the first n Fibonacci numbers is equal to the (n+2)nd number - 1. You'll want to use similar ideas as to 7.8, so if needed it's good to write out lots of examples and see how they relate.

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回复: Re: math challenge II-A combinatorics 7.21
by Zeyin Wu - Friday, October 1, 2021, 10:25 PM
 

Thanks, but for 7.21, why is the sequence 1,1,2,4,8, etc. ? The question didn't ask about the power of 2. Besides, why is there two 1s at the start?

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Re: 回复: Re: math challenge II-A combinatorics 7.21
by John Lensmire - Monday, October 4, 2021, 12:44 PM
 

For 7.21, we need to just follow the recursive definition for the sequence. We are given $a_0 = 1$. Then ever previous term (according to the recursive definition) is the sum of all the previous terms: $$\begin{aligned} a_1 &= a_0 = 1 \\ a_2 &= a_0 + a_1 = 1 + 1 = 2 \\ a_3 &= a_0 + a_1 + a_2 = 1 + 1 + 2 = 4 \\ a_4 &= \ldots \end{aligned}$$ From this, we start seeing the pattern that actually all the later terms all are powers of 2.