Online Course Discussion Forum

MCIV Chapt9 Exmpl 19

 
 
Picture of Dr. Kevin Wang
Re: MCIV Chapt9 Exmpl 19
by Dr. Kevin Wang - Wednesday, July 24, 2024, 2:06 PM
 

There are two cases.  In your solution the two cases are not clearly separated, probably because you didn't realize the two cases.  Let me explain the two cases, hopefully more clearly.

Suppose we already have the number of mismatches for number of pairs below $n$ (that's including $1$ pair through $n-1$ pairs), and that's $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_{n-1}$.  Now let's consider a new pair, $W_n$ and $M_n$.  The requirement is that they are not paired up.  So let's pair up $W_n$ and $M_j$ for some $j$ (that's $n-1$ cases, but we will multiply that later).  Now, who is pairing up with $W_j$ then?  Here we get two cases.

Case 1: $W_j$ is paired with $M_n$.  Here we have the $n$th pair swapped with the $j$th pair.  The remaining $n-2$ pairs will have $a_{n-2}$ ways of mismatching.

Case 2: $W_j$ is not paired with $M_n$.  Here, we pretend that $M_n$ takes the place of $M_j$ and we still have the pairs $1$ through $n-1$, and that's $a_{n-1}$ ways of mismatching.

Now we add up the two cases, and multiply each case by $n-1$ to get

$$a_n = (n-1)a_{n-1} + (n-1)a_{n-2}.$$

Picture of Tina Jin
Re: MCIV Chapt9 Exmpl 19
by Tina Jin - Thursday, August 8, 2024, 9:07 PM
 

Hello Dr. Kevin Wang,


Sorry for the late reply! I just checked the discussion forum. Why are we pretending Mn is taking the place of Mj? If Mn takes the place of Mj, then Wj and Mj are a perfect couple, which isn't allowed by the problem.


Also, if Wj is not paired with Mn, then Wj must be paired with Mk for some k. Then who is Mk's original partner going to be paired with?


I'm still a little confused.


Tina Jin

Picture of Dr. Kevin Wang
Re: MCIV Chapt9 Exmpl 19
by Dr. Kevin Wang - Thursday, August 8, 2024, 11:07 PM
 

Before we split into Case 1 and Case 2, $W_n$ is already paired with $M_j$.

You have no problem with Case 1, right?

Now consider Case 2.  $W_j$ is not paired with $M_n$.  We have the following people not paired yet: 

Women: $W_1, W_2, \ldots, W_{j-1}, W_j, W_{j+1}, \ldots, W_{n-1}$.  

Men: $M_1, M_2, \ldots, M_{j-1}, M_n, M_{j+1}, \ldots, M_{n-1}$.

We want to find the number of mismatches of this group, considering $W_j$ does not pair with $M_n$, it is equivalent to the original $n-1$ pairs and the newcomer $M_n$ is taking the place of $M_j$.  There are $a_{n-1}$ ways.